All our items are handmade, one by one. They are made of brass and then gold plated, copper and gold for rose gold finish, or palladium plated in the case of white gold. They are then treated with a coating to protect the surface. All crystals are Swarovski and/or Preciosa. Each item comes with a certificate of origin and a box as per our landing page coupon selection. All items are authentically Handmade by Italian Artisans directly in our workshop in Florence, Italy.